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He also reworked the decorative elemts without necessarily revising the cartography, as here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnglish was still a relatively provincial language in early seventeenth-century Europe and there is only one edition of this major series of atlases with English text (Koeman indicates the possibility of a second edition of 1641, but does not specify examples or offer a collation; this is in marked contrast to numerous editions in French, Dutch, German and of course Latin, the universal scholarly language).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe translation, according to the title-page, was by \"Henry Hexham, Quartermaister to the Regiment of Colonell Goring\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 35.5 x 40.5 cm, from the scarce English language edition, with distinctive original English hand-colour, closed centrefold split, English text on verso.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKoeman, Atlantes Neerlandici, Me 41A.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465469276358,"sku":"5336","price":250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/5336.jpg?v=1628605517"},{"product_id":"ortelius-map-of-the-duchy-of-brunswick-luneburg-nuremberg","title":"Ortelius' Map of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg \u0026 Nuremberg","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBraunsvicensis, et Luneburgensis dvcatvvm vera delineat… Norimberg. Agri, Fidissima descrip…\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere we see two maps on one sheet, the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the environs of Nuremberg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopper engraving, 31 x 47.5 cm, modern hand-colour, Latin text on verso.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVan den Broecke 99a.1\/99b.2\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465598513350,"sku":"8222","price":400.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/8222.jpg?v=1628606328"},{"product_id":"sduk-map-of-vienna","title":"SDUK Map of Vienna","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis map of Vienna was published by the SDUK.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge was founded in 1826 with the high-minded aim of making 'useful' information available to the self-taught.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome of the material was decidedly abstruse, subscribers fell away and the Society was wound up in 1848; however, the series of 209 maps published over a 14 year period from 1829 onwards were highly praised for their superior quality, accuracy and aesthetic appeal and remain an outstanding achievement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSteel engraving, approx 34 x 38 cm, engraved by Josiah Henshall after William Barnard Clarke, original hand colour in outline, numbered in and old hand, blank verso; the map extends beyond the border into the upper margin; architectural elevations of principal public buildings at the foot of the map.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465719984326,"sku":"9393","price":175.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/9393.png?v=1628607379"},{"product_id":"ortelius-map-of-the-baltic-livonia-pomerania-the-silesian-duchies","title":"Ortelius’ Map of the Baltic: Livonia, Pomerania \u0026 the Silesian Duchies","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePomeraniae Wandalicae Regionis Typ. [on sheet with] Livoniae Nova descriptio [and] Ducatus Oswieczensis et Zatoriensis Descriptio\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn early example of this particular map, which was first printed in the Dutch, German and Latin editions of Abraham Ortelius’ ‘Theatrum Orbis Terrarum’ in 1573.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Theatrum is generally considered the first modern atlas of the world, first published in 1570. Ortelius gathered the best available cartographic knowledge and presented it in a consistent style in a single volume, with text. His atlas was was very decorative and hugely popular amongst the wealthy and educated, running into over forty editions in Latin and the major European languages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePomerania, running along the Baltic coast between Rostock and Gdansk, is now divided between Germany and Poland; Livonia covers much of modern Latvia and Estonia; the Duchies of Oswiecim and Zator were two of the Duchies of Silesia, in modern Poland.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree engraved maps on one sheet, 38.5 x 50 cm, black and white, very faintly red-ruled, slight marginal soiling, Latin text on verso; old tabs on verso, where previously mounted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVan den Broecke no. 158.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465727717574,"sku":"9404","price":325.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/9404.png?v=1628607456"},{"product_id":"map-of-allied-occupied-germany-austria","title":"Map of Allied-Occupied Germany \u0026 Austria","description":"\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eMap of the Occupied Areas \/ Carte des Zones d’Occupation \/ Karte der Besatzungs-Zonen mit Neuen Postleitgebieten \/ [in Cyrillic:] Karta Okkupacionnych Zon \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003ePublished with the approval of the Allied Military Government, with a cover price of one Reichsmark, the map shows the partition of Germany and Austria into French, British, American and Russian zones, as agreed at the Potsdam Conference in August 1945. An inset shows the division of Berlin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003eThe map carries a wealth of detail, including the postal delivery zones and new postcodes. The postal code system introduced by the Allies after the war was in fact a continuation of the system maintained by the Third Reich. However, post codes 4 to 9 and 11 and 12 were abandoned as these applied to regions of Poland, the Soviet Union and Austria.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThe draughtsman has been identified as Johannes Sünnecke, although little further information is as yet forthcoming about either him or Atlanta-Service, beyond the range of maps produced in the early postwar period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"p1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"s1\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSeparately issued map of Allied-occupied Germany and Austria, 55 x 39 cm, printed in colours, folded, with some restoration to verso along the folds, blank verso. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465768153286,"sku":"8372","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/8372.jpg?v=1628607811"},{"product_id":"braun-hogenberg-s-plan-of-wesel","title":"Braun \u0026 Hogenberg’s Plan of Wesel","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWesalia in Ducatu Clivensi Urbs Clara Opibus \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Civitates Orbis Terrarum was one of the most significant cartographic works of the late sixteenth-century, printed over 45 year period between 1572 and 1617. It was the first systematic city atlas (containing the first accurate surveys of many towns) and was inspired in part by the scope of Abraham Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terarrum which gathered together the best available geographical sources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTown views and plans were all taken from direct observation rather than improvised in the manner of some earlier geographical works - it had not been unknown for the same view to appear in more than one guise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorg Braun wrote the text and Ortelius himself - who travelled through Italy with the artist Joris Hoefnagel - supplied a significant proportion of the material, which was then engraved by Simon Novellanus and Frans Hogenburg. Later contributors included Abraham Hogenberg and Jacob Hoefnagel, who continued their fathers’ work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were a number of editions, mostly with Latin text, but it is extremely difficult (and, according to Koeman 'of secondary importance') to differentiate between them, as the state of the plates and their number and order does not vary.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 34.5 x 48 cm, recent hand-colour, Latin text on verso.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKoeman B\u0026amp;H\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465854038214,"sku":"7157","price":400.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/7157.jpg?v=1628608519"},{"product_id":"braun-hogenberg-s-plan-of-freiberg","title":"Braun \u0026 Hogenberg’s Plan of Freiberg","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFribergum Misinae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Civitates Orbis Terrarum was one of the most significant cartographic works of the late sixteenth-century, printed over 45 year period between 1572 and 1617. It was the first systematic city atlas (containing the first accurate surveys of many towns) and was inspired in part by the scope of Abraham Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terarrum which gathered together the best available geographical sources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTown views and plans were all taken from direct observation rather than improvised in the manner of some earlier geographical works - it had not been unknown for the same view to appear in more than one guise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorg Braun wrote the text and Ortelius himself - who travelled through Italy with the artist Joris Hoefnagel - supplied a significant proportion of the material, which was then engraved by Simon Novellanus and Frans Hogenburg. Later contributors included Abraham Hogenberg and Jacob Hoefnagel, who continued their fathers’ work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were a number of editions, mostly with Latin text, but it is extremely difficult (and, according to Koeman 'of secondary importance') to differentiate between them, as the state of the plates and their number and order does not vary.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 33.5 x 46 cm, recent hand-colour, numbered in an old hand top-right, Latin text on verso. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKoeman B\u0026amp;H II\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465854267590,"sku":"7159","price":400.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/7159.jpg?v=1628608525"},{"product_id":"braun-hogenberg-s-plan-of-magdeburg","title":"Braun \u0026 Hogenberg’s Plan of Magdeburg","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMagdeburgum, a Venere quae hic quondam colebatur Parthenopolis dicta, metropolitica Saxoniae urbs\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cartouche on this plan of Magdeburg refers to the ancient worship of Venus.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Civitates Orbis Terrarum was one of the most significant cartographic works of the late sixteenth-century, printed over 45 year period between 1572 and 1617. It was the first systematic city atlas (containing the first accurate surveys of many towns) and was inspired in part by the scope of Abraham Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terarrum which gathered together the best available geographical sources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTown views and plans were all taken from direct observation rather than improvised in the manner of some earlier geographical works - it had not been unknown for the same view to appear in more than one guise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorg Braun wrote the text and Ortelius himself - who travelled through Italy with the artist Joris Hoefnagel - supplied a significant proportion of the material, which was then engraved by Simon Novellanus and Frans Hogenburg. Later contributors included Abraham Hogenberg and Jacob Hoefnagel, who continued their fathers’ work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were a number of editions, mostly with Latin text, but it is extremely difficult (and, according to Koeman 'of secondary importance') to differentiate between them, as the state of the plates and their number and order does not vary.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 32.5 x 44 cm, second state with privilege, recent hand-colour, numbered in an old hand top-right, Latin text on verso. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465854726342,"sku":"7161","price":400.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/7161.jpg?v=1628608531"},{"product_id":"braun-hogenberg-s-plan-of-braunschweig-luneburg-bremen-with-stade","title":"Braun \u0026 Hogenberg’s Plan of Braunschweig, Lüneburg, Bremen with Stade","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrunopolis [with] Luneburgum [and] Brema [and] Aldenburgum Holsatiae\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFour north German towns are shown here on one sheet: Braunschweig, Lüneburg and Bremen, with Stade - mis-captioned Oldenburg in Holstein.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Civitates Orbis Terrarum was one of the most significant cartographic works of the late sixteenth-century, printed over 45 year period between 1572 and 1617. It was the first systematic city atlas (containing the first accurate surveys of many towns) and was inspired in part by the scope of Abraham Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terarrum which gathered together the best available geographical sources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTown views and plans were all taken from direct observation rather than improvised in the manner of some earlier geographical works - it had not been unknown for the same view to appear in more than one guise.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorg Braun wrote the text and Ortelius himself - who travelled through Italy with the artist Joris Hoefnagel - supplied a significant proportion of the material, which was then engraved by Simon Novellanus and Frans Hogenburg. Later contributors included Abraham Hogenberg and Jacob Hoefnagel, who continued their fathers’ work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were a number of editions, mostly with Latin text, but it is extremely difficult (and, according to Koeman 'of secondary importance') to differentiate between them, as the state of the plates and their number and order does not vary.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 34 x 48 cm, recent hand-colour, numbered in an old hand top-right. 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His own business flourished: talented engravers who worked with him include Wenceslaus Hollar. After his death in 1650 the firm passed through three generations of his family.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopper engraving, 27.5 x 35 cm, black and white, printer’s crease running across the upper part of the legend, blank verso.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465858461894,"sku":"7942","price":250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/7942.jpg?v=1628608630"},{"product_id":"the-ministry-of-economic-warfare-a-collection-of-handbooks-for-enemy-occupied-countries","title":"The Ministry of Economic Warfare: A Collection of Handbooks for Enemy \u0026 Occupied Countries","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of 61 intelligence handbooks, 1943-1945, covering enemy and occupied countries and compiled by the Foreign Office and Ministry for Economic Warfare.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MoEW was formed in September 1939 and worked closely with the FO, which took over its remaining functions at the end of the war. Members of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) supplied the FO with some of the detailed historical and political background which appears in these volumes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MoEW also had oversight of SOE. After America's entry into the war there seems to have been close co-operation with the US Board of Economic Warfare, and the Economic Warfare Department which was established by the Americans in London and based in Berkeley Square like the MoEW itself. This range of contributors informs the breadth and diversity of content, including the maps, which range from re-purposed pre-war tourist maps, British War Office GSGS maps and maps supplied by the American OSS.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e'Basic' handbooks introduce a country, backed by 'zone handbooks' with regional detail, and other appendices often including a 'who's who' of local figures. The handbooks are bound using treasury tags, enabling sections to be added, removed or updated with ease. Some are contained within boards, some in printed wrappers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe MoEW was charged with bringing the war to the Axis by any means possible, 'setting Europe ablaze' in Churchill's words. This included informing and sometimes directing operational planning (clandestine operations such as those mounted by SOE; bombing of key military and industrial targets; planning for the invasion of Europe), propaganda, and increasingly toward the end of the war, the administration and rebuilding of liberated and occupied enemy territories, and the rebuilding of Britain's trade networks postwar. This series of handbooks was compiled from April 1943 onward, at the request of the Joint Intelligence Committee, when invasion planning was the primary concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClassified as secret or confidential (up or downgraded on the covers, presumably depending on revisions to the content) this comprehensive and monumental undertaking reflects official British understanding and thinking, rather than an exercise in propaganda. This includes an indication of the state of contemporary, officially recognised, knowledge of the persecution of Jewish people and nature of the concentration camps, the extent of collaboration and resistance in occupied countries, forced sterilisation and other aspects of Nazi eugenics programmes and Gestapo torture methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgricultural and industrial output, essential to the war effort, is covered in meticulous detail (again, to the best of Allied intelligence), from wine-making to ball-bearing and aero-engine production. Transport, power and water supply, local government structures and anything else which might be of value, from pension provision to the addresses of local brothels rate the same careful treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCountries and regions are provided with sweeping historical introductions, often covering the period from antiquity to recent 20th century politics. Discussions of recent events such as Anschluss often appear more nuanced than anything which would have been publicly permissible during the war, or indeed afterwards. Most handbooks also include a section with pen portraits of local character types, often highly anecdotal and subjective, and written in the best traditions of the FO, which supplied the core of MoEW staff.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anecdotal nature of some of the information strongly suggests a basis in agents' reports (as well as intercepts, captured\/smuggled newspapers and other documents). By 1943 SOE had been partially re-invented as an intelligence agency. Intelligence gathering had become at least as important as support of resistance activities, including sabotage, and the results can be read here.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have 61 volumes which comprise: Germany (6); Austria (1); Italy (17); Greece (9); France (10); Belgium (5); Netherlands (3); Norway (3); Denmark (3); Hungary, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Siam. A full list is \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/bryarsandbryars.co.uk\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eavailable on request\u003c\/a\u003e. Most volumes have the ink stamp of the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House). Other ink stamps include CASC (presumably Canadian Army Service Corps).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe books were disposed of by the library about 40 years ago and acquired en bloc by an academic. Condition is generally good, although there are signs of use and occasional water damage (eg. Germany basic handbook; Italy zone handbook 6, Campania). Most volumes appear to be complete, but owing to the nature and purpose of the binding, some maps and sections may have been removed. For example, In part two of the Jugoslavia basic handbook (stamped 'secret', August 1943) the whole of chapter 4, on partisans, is missing. It may have been considered too sensitive for circulation with our copy. Conversely, in one or two cases sheets from different editions have been retained side by side rather than discarded, and it is possible to observe the development of the intelligence picture as it evolved. For example, knowledge of German-backed Breton collaborationist, regionalist or autonomist movements was greatly expanded between the editions of September 1943 and June 1944 (France Zone Handbook 8, Rennes). The later edition contains far more information about individuals, and Strolladour-Stourem, an 'ineffectual' militia dressed in black (with white ties) and armed with camping knives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome information is conspicuous by its absence. Although published in 1944, after Operation Gunnerside and other sabotage efforts involving SOE, the Norway handbook makes only a passing reference to heavy water; atomic energy was another highly sensitive topic. In other cases, knowledge may have been genuinely limited. For example, there seems to have been no appreciation of the extent of the involvement of subsidiaries of IG Farben in the Holocaust.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are extensive references throughout to the treatment of Jewish people and to the fate of Jews, other minorities and political prisoners who were transported to labour camps and death camps, or subjected to forced labour. As late as April 1944 the MoEW authors could only note that 'little concrete information is available about the administration or even the number and location of concentration camps', despite attempts to compile information from various sources, 'some of them secret in nature' (Germany basic, chapter 6, p. 152). However, a detailed appendix dated April 1945 gives a thorough summary of the information which had become available subsequently, including an 11 page list of known camps in Greater Germany, their function and capacity ('not to be considered exhaustive') and a description of 'groups' and identifying 'group badges' organised by camp and category of prisoner, and even a section on the recruitment of camp personnel. It was prepared immediately before the British liberation of Bergen-Belsen and relies primarily on Soviet sources.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs with the text, the maps and other illustrations (for example, insignia and uniform) are of variable quality; this is especially so with the maps: some are little more than reproductions from pre-war Baedekers. However, many contain information which would not have been widely available; the black and white sketch map of German Luftgaue (air districts) is not technically accomplished, but is marked secret. Many maps are tremendously detailed. For example, the GSGS map of Lorient shows the submarine pens (it was the largest U-boat base) and the plan of La Spezia prepared by the Interservices Topographical Department (ISTD), depicts the MAS base, from which Italian motor torpedo boats harried Allied shipping in the Mediterranean.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe March 1945 volume on Siam stands apart in terms of substance as well as geography. Unlike the European volumes, it was undertaken without significant American input. Michael Foot explained: 'American trust in Stalin as a democrat and suspicion of Churchill as an imperialist continued to colour OSS's attitudes, particularly in Siam where OSS and SOE were more at war with each other than the Japanese'. Foot: SOE, The Special Operations Executive 1940-1946, 1984, p. 151. The volume details wartime relations between Siam and Japan (the one-sided 'alliance' and 'cultural pact'), including reports of local disaffection with a 'corrupt and dictatorial' Japanese military. It also covers support for the Indian independence movement, including local volunteers for the INA and the establishment of an INA training camp. Discussion of western internees and prisoners of war makes a nuanced distinction between the treatment meted out by the Japanese and Siamese. The new Siamese government was formed with Japanese acquiescence but described as being, on the whole, 'a good augury'.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNuance is a feature of the whole project. In secret, the authors could pass judgements which frequently run counter to official propaganda. The Mohne Dam, breached in the Dambusters raid, 'was of no importance as an economic objective'. Not all Nazis were bad. Alexander von Falkenhausen (military governor of Belgium) was described as a 'very lenient, gentlemanly figure of good character' who was potentially 'hostile to the Nazi regime…. in conflict with Gestapo chiefs'. In this instance the judgement seems to have been sound: Falkenhausen was implicated in the July 1944 bomb plot and spent the rest of the war in concentration camps.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reports are nuanced but remain highly subjective, including some sweeping generalisations about national and regional characteristics. Bavarians, 'if a rough generalisation is permissible', have a love of mimicry and are 'capable of violent rage and sulky obstinacy'. The 'Dusseldorfer is a pleasure seeker to the point of frivolity' whereas the typical Westphalian is 'fundamentally slow, both mentally and in his actions'. Corsicans are 'honest and sober, though jealous and quick tempered'. At times the authors seem to become a little overheated: 'There is no such thing in Crete as a regular vendetta of the Albanian type, whereby each family is morally bound to avenge the death of one of its members. Cretan feuds resemble rather the celebrated Kentucky feuds. There are no strict rules and they are confined to the wilder and more lawless parts of the island… ' If aspects of the reports contain lacunae or appear with hindsight to be of questionable utility, this should not distract from the overall achievement: an astonishing feat of organisation and interpretation of material compiled from a tremendous array of sources, continually revised and updated, obtained through a combination of ingenuity and personal risk, any part of which may well have proved of value to the Allied war effort.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465891623110,"sku":"9427","price":25000.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/9427.png?v=1628609017"},{"product_id":"mercator-s-miniature-map-of-germany","title":"Mercator’s Miniature Map of Germany","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis map shows the ‘Germanic’ regions of Europe, including the Low Countries, Poland and Austria, and was engraved by Jodocus Hondius for the ‘Atlas Minor’.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopper engraving, 14.6 x 19.5 cm, black and white, numbered in an early hand in upper margin, light waterstaining in lower margin, Latin text on verso.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eReferences\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKoeman Me 186.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465914593478,"sku":"9492","price":150.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/9492.jpg?v=1628609269"},{"product_id":"mercator-cloppenburgh-map-of-pomerania","title":"Mercator-Cloppenburgh Map of Pomerania","description":"\u003cp\u003ePomerania, running along the Baltic coast between Rostock and Gdansk, is now divided between Germany and Poland.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 'Atlas Minor’ was a pocket atlas derived from Mercator's cartography, published from 1607 onward by Jodocus Hondius (the Dutch publisher who had purchased Mercator's original copper printing plates in 1604 and who issued his first, highly successful edition of the full-size atlas in 1606).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the 1630s Jan Cloppenburgh published a series of editions of Mercator’s Atlas Minor which have become scarce. The maps were engraved by Pieter van den Keere and are distinctively larger than the preceding examples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition \u0026amp; Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCopper engraving, 19 x 25.5 cm, engraved by Pieter van den Keere, modern hand colour, light stain in upper margin, Latin text on verso.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40465916297414,"sku":"9486","price":150.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/products\/9486.jpg?v=1628609287"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0579\/2550\/1126\/collections\/germanyaustriaandswitzerland_ct.jpg?v=1625333385","url":"https:\/\/bryarsandbryars.co.uk\/collections\/germany-austria-switzerland.oembed?page=3","provider":"Bryars \u0026 Bryars","version":"1.0","type":"link"}